Taxonomic Rank: Suborder

Theropoda Dinosaurs

Bipedal saurischian dinosaurs, historically dominated by carnivores and including the avian lineage.

Cataloged Theropoda Members (47 total)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Acrocanthosaurus (Acrocanthosaurus atokensis Stovall & Langston, 1950) in lateral profileTheropoda
Cretaceous PeriodCarnivore

Acrocanthosaurus

Acrocanthosaurus atokensis Stovall & Langston, 1950

A high-spined North American apex predator famous for hunting sauropods across Early Cretaceous river valleys.

10–11.5 m (32.8–37.7 ft)
4.5–6.5 metric tons (9,921–14,330 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Albertosaurus (Albertosaurus sarcophagus Osborn, 1905) in lateral profileTheropoda
Cretaceous PeriodCarnivore

Albertosaurus

Albertosaurus sarcophagus Osborn, 1905

A fleet-footed, gracile tyrannosaurid from the Late Cretaceous of western Canada known from prominent multi-individual bonebed associations.

8–9.5 m (26.2–31.2 ft)
1.8–2.5 metric tons (3,968–5,512 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Allosaurus (Allosaurus fragilis Marsh, 1877) in lateral profileTheropoda
Jurassic PeriodCarnivore

Allosaurus

Allosaurus fragilis Marsh, 1877

The most abundant apex theropod of Late Jurassic North America, equipped with a kinetic skull and slashing serrated teeth.

8.5–9.7 m (27.9–31.8 ft)
1.8–2.7 metric tons (3,968–5,952 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Anzu (Anzu wyliei Lamanna et al., 2014) in lateral profileTheropoda
Cretaceous PeriodOmnivore

Anzu

Anzu wyliei Lamanna et al., 2014

The 'Chicken from Hell', a gigantic, crested caenagnathid oviraptorosaur from the Hell Creek Formation.

3–3.5 m (9.8–11.5 ft)
200–300 kg (441–661 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Archaeopteryx (Archaeopteryx lithographica von Meyer, 1861) in lateral profileTheropoda
Jurassic PeriodCarnivore

Archaeopteryx

Archaeopteryx lithographica von Meyer, 1861

An iconic stem-avialan from the Late Jurassic Solnhofen limestone exhibiting transitional features bridging non-avian theropods and birds.

0.4–0.5 m (1.3–1.6 ft)
0.5–1 kg (1–2 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Australovenator (Australovenator wintonensis Hocknull et al., 2009) in lateral profileTheropoda
Cretaceous PeriodCarnivore

Australovenator

Australovenator wintonensis Hocknull et al., 2009

The 'cheetah of its time', a lightning-fast megaraptoran predator from the mid-Cretaceous of Australia.

5.5–6 m (18.0–19.7 ft)
300–500 kg (661–1,102 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Baryonyx (Baryonyx walkeri Charig & Milner, 1986) in lateral profileTheropoda
Cretaceous PeriodPiscivore

Baryonyx

Baryonyx walkeri Charig & Milner, 1986

A specialized fish-eating spinosaurid from Early Cretaceous England sporting a 31-centimeter curved thumb claw.

7.5–9.5 m (24.6–31.2 ft)
1.2–2.0 metric tons (2,646–4,409 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Carcharodontosaurus (Carcharodontosaurus saharicus Depéret & Savornin, 1925) in lateral profileTheropoda
Cretaceous PeriodCarnivore

Carcharodontosaurus

Carcharodontosaurus saharicus Depéret & Savornin, 1925

The 'shark-toothed lizard', a colossal North African apex predator rivaling Tyrannosaurus in length.

11.5–13 m (37.7–42.7 ft)
6.0–9.0 metric tons (13,228–19,842 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Carnotaurus (Carnotaurus sastrei Bonaparte, 1985) in lateral profileTheropoda
Cretaceous PeriodCarnivore

Carnotaurus

Carnotaurus sastrei Bonaparte, 1985

A bizarre South American abelisaurid predator with bull-like cranial horns, vestigial forelimbs, and extreme cursorial speed.

7.5–8.5 m (24.6–27.9 ft)
1.3–2.1 metric tons (2,866–4,630 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Caudipteryx (Caudipteryx zoui Ji et al., 1998) in lateral profileTheropoda
Cretaceous PeriodOmnivore

Caudipteryx

Caudipteryx zoui Ji et al., 1998

A ground-dwelling basal oviraptorosaur from Liaoning, China preserving true vaned feathers and gastroliths.

0.8–1 m (2.6–3.3 ft)
3–5 kg (7–11 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Ceratosaurus (Ceratosaurus nasicornis Marsh, 1884) in lateral profileTheropoda
Jurassic PeriodCarnivore

Ceratosaurus

Ceratosaurus nasicornis Marsh, 1884

A distinctive Late Jurassic theropod sporting a prominent nasal horn core and a line of small osteoderms along its back.

5.5–7 m (18.0–23.0 ft)
0.5–1.0 metric tons (1,102–2,205 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Ceratosuchops (Ceratosuchops inferodios Barker et al., 2021) in lateral profileTheropoda
Cretaceous PeriodPiscivore

Ceratosuchops

Ceratosuchops inferodios Barker et al., 2021

The 'horned crocodile-faced hell heron', a newly described spinosaurid from the Isle of Wight.

8–9 m (26.2–29.5 ft)
1.5–2.2 metric tons (3,307–4,850 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Chindesaurus (Chindesaurus bryansmalli Long & Murry, 1995) in lateral profileTheropoda
Triassic PeriodCarnivore

Chindesaurus

Chindesaurus bryansmalli Long & Murry, 1995

A basal carnivorous dinosaur from the Chinle Formation of the Petrified Forest National Park.

2–2.4 m (6.6–7.9 ft)
20–35 kg (44–77 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Coelophysis (Coelophysis bauri Cope, 1887) in lateral profileTheropoda
Triassic PeriodCarnivore

Coelophysis

Coelophysis bauri Cope, 1887

A slender, agile early theropod from the Late Triassic, known from hundreds of well-preserved skeletons at Ghost Ranch, New Mexico.

2.5–3 m (8.2–9.8 ft)
15–25 kg (33–55 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Compsognathus (Compsognathus longipes Wagner, 1859) in lateral profileTheropoda
Jurassic PeriodCarnivore

Compsognathus

Compsognathus longipes Wagner, 1859

A petite, nimble Late Jurassic coelurosaur about the size of a chicken, historically famous as one of the smallest known dinosaurs.

0.9–1.1 m (3.0–3.6 ft)
2–3.5 kg (4–8 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Concavenator (Concavenator corcovatus Ortega et al., 2010) in lateral profileTheropoda
Cretaceous PeriodCarnivore

Concavenator

Concavenator corcovatus Ortega et al., 2010

A bizarre Early Cretaceous Spanish carcharodontosaurid featuring a sharp humped back and quill knobs on its arms.

5.5–6 m (18.0–19.7 ft)
350–500 kg (772–1,102 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Cryolophosaurus (Cryolophosaurus ellioti Hammer & Hickerson, 1994) in lateral profileTheropoda
Jurassic PeriodCarnivore

Cryolophosaurus

Cryolophosaurus ellioti Hammer & Hickerson, 1994

The 'frozen crested lizard', a large Early Jurassic apex theropod discovered high in the Transantarctic Mountains.

6–7.5 m (19.7–24.6 ft)
450–600 kg (992–1,323 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Deinonychus (Deinonychus antirrhopus Ostrom, 1969) in lateral profileTheropoda
Cretaceous PeriodCarnivore

Deinonychus

Deinonychus antirrhopus Ostrom, 1969

The agile dromaeosaurid whose discovery catalyzed the modern Dinosaur Renaissance and established the dinosaur-bird evolutionary link.

3–3.4 m (9.8–11.2 ft)
70–100 kg (154–220 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Dilophosaurus (Dilophosaurus wetherilli Welles, 1954) in lateral profileTheropoda
Jurassic PeriodCarnivore

Dilophosaurus

Dilophosaurus wetherilli Welles, 1954

An apex predator of the Early Jurassic possessing a pair of delicate, semicircular cranial crests along its skull.

6.5–7.2 m (21.3–23.6 ft)
350–500 kg (772–1,102 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Dromaeosaurus (Dromaeosaurus albertensis Matthew & Brown, 1922) in lateral profileTheropoda
Cretaceous PeriodCarnivore

Dromaeosaurus

Dromaeosaurus albertensis Matthew & Brown, 1922

The namesake of the dromaeosaurid family, possessing a robust skull and crushing bite force for its size.

1.8–2 m (5.9–6.6 ft)
15–20 kg (33–44 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Gallimimus (Gallimimus bullatus Osmólska et al., 1972) in lateral profileTheropoda
Cretaceous PeriodOmnivore

Gallimimus

Gallimimus bullatus Osmólska et al., 1972

The largest known ornithomimid 'ostrich dinosaur', famous for its immense running speed across ancient Mongolia.

5–6 m (16.4–19.7 ft)
400–500 kg (882–1,102 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Gasosaurus (Gasosaurus constructus Dong & Tang, 1985) in lateral profileTheropoda
Jurassic PeriodCarnivore

Gasosaurus

Gasosaurus constructus Dong & Tang, 1985

A basal tetanuran carnivore discovered during the construction of a natural gas facility in Sichuan, China.

3.5–4 m (11.5–13.1 ft)
150–300 kg (331–661 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Giganotosaurus (Giganotosaurus carolinii Coria & Salgado, 1995) in lateral profileTheropoda
Cretaceous PeriodCarnivore

Giganotosaurus

Giganotosaurus carolinii Coria & Salgado, 1995

A titanic South American carcharodontosaurid apex carnivore rivaling Tyrannosaurus in overall body length.

12.2–13 m (40.0–42.7 ft)
7.0–8.8 metric tons (15,432–19,401 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Guanlong (Guanlong wucaii Xu et al., 2006) in lateral profileTheropoda
Jurassic PeriodCarnivore

Guanlong

Guanlong wucaii Xu et al., 2006

A feathered, crested early tyrannosauroid from the Late Jurassic of China that lived 90 million years before T. rex.

2.8–3.2 m (9.2–10.5 ft)
65–100 kg (143–220 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Herrerasaurus (Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis Reig, 1963) in lateral profileTheropoda
Triassic PeriodCarnivore

Herrerasaurus

Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis Reig, 1963

An early predatory dinosaur from the Late Triassic Ischigualasto Formation of Argentina whose precise phylogenetic position near the root of Saurischia remains debated.

3–4.5 m (9.8–14.8 ft)
180–350 kg (397–772 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Liliensternus (Liliensternus liliensterni Huene, 1934) in lateral profileTheropoda
Triassic PeriodCarnivore

Liliensternus

Liliensternus liliensterni Huene, 1934

A large, active predatory coelophysoid that roamed Late Triassic Germany.

4.5–5.5 m (14.8–18.0 ft)
120–200 kg (265–441 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Majungasaurus (Majungasaurus crenatissimus Lavocat, 1955) in lateral profileTheropoda
Cretaceous PeriodCarnivore

Majungasaurus

Majungasaurus crenatissimus Lavocat, 1955

A stocky, cannibalistic abelisaurid from Late Cretaceous Madagascar sporting a single midline horn on its skull.

6–7 m (19.7–23.0 ft)
1.0–1.5 metric tons (2,205–3,307 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Mapusaurus (Mapusaurus roseae Coria & Currie, 2006) in lateral profileTheropoda
Cretaceous PeriodCarnivore

Mapusaurus

Mapusaurus roseae Coria & Currie, 2006

A colossal South American carcharodontosaurid discovered in a massive multi-individual bonebed.

11.5–12.6 m (37.7–41.3 ft)
4.0–5.5 metric tons (8,818–12,125 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Megalosaurus (Megalosaurus bucklandii Mantell, 1827) in lateral profileTheropoda
Jurassic PeriodCarnivore

Megalosaurus

Megalosaurus bucklandii Mantell, 1827

The first scientifically named non-avian dinosaur in history, described from Middle Jurassic rocks of England.

6–8 m (19.7–26.2 ft)
0.8–1.4 metric tons (1,764–3,086 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Metriacanthosaurus (Metriacanthosaurus parkeri von Huene, 1932) in lateral profileTheropoda
Jurassic PeriodCarnivore

Metriacanthosaurus

Metriacanthosaurus parkeri von Huene, 1932

A medium-to-large European allosauroid theropod characterized by moderately tall vertebral spines.

7–8 m (23.0–26.2 ft)
0.9–1.2 metric tons (1,984–2,646 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Microraptor (Microraptor zhaoianus Xu et al., 2000) in lateral profileTheropoda
Cretaceous PeriodCarnivore

Microraptor

Microraptor zhaoianus Xu et al., 2000

A four-winged, iridescent feathered dromaeosaurid that glided through Early Cretaceous Chinese forests.

0.7–0.9 m (2.3–3.0 ft)
0.8–1.5 kg (2–3 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Monolophosaurus (Monolophosaurus jiangi Zhao & Currie, 1993) in lateral profileTheropoda
Jurassic PeriodCarnivore

Monolophosaurus

Monolophosaurus jiangi Zhao & Currie, 1993

A Middle Jurassic Asian theropod recognized by a prominent single midline ridge along its snout.

5–5.8 m (16.4–19.0 ft)
450–700 kg (992–1,543 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Oviraptor (Oviraptor philoceratops Osborn, 1924) in lateral profileTheropoda
Cretaceous PeriodOmnivore

Oviraptor

Oviraptor philoceratops Osborn, 1924

The famously misnamed 'egg thief' from the Gobi Desert that was actually a devoted parent brooding its own nest.

1.5–2 m (4.9–6.6 ft)
25–40 kg (55–88 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Sinornithosaurus (Sinornithosaurus millenii Xu et al., 1999) in lateral profileTheropoda
Cretaceous PeriodCarnivore

Sinornithosaurus

Sinornithosaurus millenii Xu et al., 1999

A feathered basal dromaeosaurid from China with remarkable cranial and dental specializations.

1–1.2 m (3.3–3.9 ft)
2–3.5 kg (4–8 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Sinraptor (Sinraptor dongi Currie & Zhao, 1993) in lateral profileTheropoda
Jurassic PeriodCarnivore

Sinraptor

Sinraptor dongi Currie & Zhao, 1993

A large, agile metricanthosaurid theropod that was an apex predator of Late Jurassic China.

7–7.6 m (23.0–24.9 ft)
1.0–1.4 metric tons (2,205–3,086 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Spinosaurus (Spinosaurus aegyptiacus Stromer, 1915) in lateral profileFeatured SpecimenTheropoda
Cretaceous PeriodPiscivore

Spinosaurus

Spinosaurus aegyptiacus Stromer, 1915

A giant sail-backed theropod possessing anatomical specializations associated with riparian ecosystems, with its aquatic locomotion subject to ongoing scientific debate.

13–14.5 m (42.7–47.6 ft)
6.5–8.0 metric tons (14,330–17,637 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Staurikosaurus (Staurikosaurus pricei Colbert, 1970) in lateral profileTheropoda
Triassic PeriodCarnivore

Staurikosaurus

Staurikosaurus pricei Colbert, 1970

An early predatory dinosaur from the Late Triassic Santa Maria Formation of Brazil, often placed within Herrerasauridae with debated phylogenetic affinities.

2–2.5 m (6.6–8.2 ft)
25–40 kg (55–88 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Struthiomimus (Struthiomimus altus Lambe, 1902) in lateral profileTheropoda
Cretaceous PeriodOmnivore

Struthiomimus

Struthiomimus altus Lambe, 1902

An agile, ostrich-mimic theropod that sprinted across Late Cretaceous western North America.

3.5–4.3 m (11.5–14.1 ft)
150–200 kg (331–441 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Suchomimus (Suchomimus tenerensis Sereno et al., 1998) in lateral profileTheropoda
Cretaceous PeriodPiscivore

Suchomimus

Suchomimus tenerensis Sereno et al., 1998

A massive spinosaurid predator with crocodile-like jaws and a low dorsal sail that stalked Cretaceous Niger.

9.5–11 m (31.2–36.1 ft)
2.5–4.0 metric tons (5,512–8,818 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Tarbosaurus (Tarbosaurus bataar Maleev, 1955) in lateral profileTheropoda
Cretaceous PeriodCarnivore

Tarbosaurus

Tarbosaurus bataar Maleev, 1955

The Asian sister taxon to T. rex, an apex tyrannosaurid macropredator of the Late Cretaceous Nemegt Basin.

10–12 m (32.8–39.4 ft)
4.0–5.5 metric tons (8,818–12,125 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Therizinosaurus (Therizinosaurus cheloniformis Maleev, 1954) in lateral profileFeatured SpecimenTheropoda
Cretaceous PeriodHerbivore

Therizinosaurus

Therizinosaurus cheloniformis Maleev, 1954

A bizarre herbivorous theropod of Late Cretaceous Mongolia bearing the longest claws of any known animal—up to 1 meter in length.

9–10.5 m (29.5–34.4 ft)
4.0–5.5 metric tons (8,818–12,125 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Torvosaurus (Torvosaurus tanneri Galton & Jensen, 1979) in lateral profileTheropoda
Jurassic PeriodCarnivore

Torvosaurus

Torvosaurus tanneri Galton & Jensen, 1979

A gigantic, heavily built megalosaurid macropredator, among the largest terrestrial carnivores of the Jurassic Period.

9–10.5 m (29.5–34.4 ft)
2.0–3.5 metric tons (4,409–7,716 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Troodon (Troodon formosus Leidy, 1856) in lateral profileTheropoda
Cretaceous PeriodOmnivore

Troodon

Troodon formosus Leidy, 1856

A small, large-brained Late Cretaceous theropod with acute stereoscopic vision and large eyes.

2–2.5 m (6.6–8.2 ft)
40–50 kg (88–110 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Tyrannosaurus rex (Tyrannosaurus rex Osborn, 1905) in lateral profileFeatured SpecimenTheropoda
Cretaceous PeriodCarnivore

Tyrannosaurus rex

Tyrannosaurus rex Osborn, 1905

The apex macropredator of Late Cretaceous western North America, possessing bone-crushing jaws and acute stereoscopic vision.

11.8–12.8 m (38.7–42.0 ft)
7.5–9.5 metric tons (16,535–20,944 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Utahraptor (Utahraptor ostrommaysi Kirkland et al., 1993) in lateral profileTheropoda
Cretaceous PeriodCarnivore

Utahraptor

Utahraptor ostrommaysi Kirkland et al., 1993

The colossal king of the dromaeosaurids, a 6-meter, half-ton apex ambush predator with 24-centimeter foot claws.

5–6 m (16.4–19.7 ft)
400–600 kg (882–1,323 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Velociraptor (Velociraptor mongoliensis Osborn, 1924) in lateral profileFeatured SpecimenTheropoda
Cretaceous PeriodCarnivore

Velociraptor

Velociraptor mongoliensis Osborn, 1924

A turkey-sized, feathered dromaeosaurid predator of the Late Cretaceous Gobi Desert, armed with specialized sickle claws.

1.8–2.1 m (5.9–6.9 ft)
15–20 kg (33–44 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Yangchuanosaurus (Yangchuanosaurus shangyouensis Dong et al., 1978) in lateral profileTheropoda
Jurassic PeriodCarnivore

Yangchuanosaurus

Yangchuanosaurus shangyouensis Dong et al., 1978

A colossal Chinese allosauroid that was the Asian equivalent of North America's Allosaurus.

8–10.8 m (26.2–35.4 ft)
2.0–3.5 metric tons (4,409–7,716 lbs)