Continent: North America

Dinosaurs of North America

Home to the fossil-rich Morrison Formation of the Late Jurassic and the Hell Creek and Dinosaur Park Formations of the Late Cretaceous.

Cataloged Specimens from North America (41 total)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Acrocanthosaurus (Acrocanthosaurus atokensis Stovall & Langston, 1950) in lateral profileTheropoda
Cretaceous PeriodCarnivore

Acrocanthosaurus

Acrocanthosaurus atokensis Stovall & Langston, 1950

A high-spined North American apex predator famous for hunting sauropods across Early Cretaceous river valleys.

10–11.5 m (32.8–37.7 ft)
4.5–6.5 metric tons (9,921–14,330 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Albertosaurus (Albertosaurus sarcophagus Osborn, 1905) in lateral profileTheropoda
Cretaceous PeriodCarnivore

Albertosaurus

Albertosaurus sarcophagus Osborn, 1905

A fleet-footed, gracile tyrannosaurid from the Late Cretaceous of western Canada known from prominent multi-individual bonebed associations.

8–9.5 m (26.2–31.2 ft)
1.8–2.5 metric tons (3,968–5,512 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Allosaurus (Allosaurus fragilis Marsh, 1877) in lateral profileTheropoda
Jurassic PeriodCarnivore

Allosaurus

Allosaurus fragilis Marsh, 1877

The most abundant apex theropod of Late Jurassic North America, equipped with a kinetic skull and slashing serrated teeth.

8.5–9.7 m (27.9–31.8 ft)
1.8–2.7 metric tons (3,968–5,952 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Ankylosaurus (Ankylosaurus magniventris Brown, 1908) in lateral profileAnkylosauria
Cretaceous PeriodHerbivore

Ankylosaurus

Ankylosaurus magniventris Brown, 1908

The definitive armored dinosaur of the Late Cretaceous, encased in bony osteoderms and armed with an osseous tail club.

7.5–8 m (24.6–26.2 ft)
4.8–6.0 metric tons (10,582–13,228 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Anzu (Anzu wyliei Lamanna et al., 2014) in lateral profileTheropoda
Cretaceous PeriodOmnivore

Anzu

Anzu wyliei Lamanna et al., 2014

The 'Chicken from Hell', a gigantic, crested caenagnathid oviraptorosaur from the Hell Creek Formation.

3–3.5 m (9.8–11.5 ft)
200–300 kg (441–661 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Apatosaurus (Apatosaurus ajax Marsh, 1877) in lateral profileSauropodomorpha
Jurassic PeriodHerbivore

Apatosaurus

Apatosaurus ajax Marsh, 1877

A colossal, heavily built diplodocid sauropod characterized by thick cervical vertebrae and a whip-like tail.

21–23 m (68.9–75.5 ft)
18.0–28.0 metric tons (39,683–61,729 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Barosaurus (Barosaurus lentus Marsh, 1890) in lateral profileSauropodomorpha
Jurassic PeriodHerbivore

Barosaurus

Barosaurus lentus Marsh, 1890

A massive diplodocid with an extraordinarily long neck and shorter tail than Diplodocus.

24–27 m (78.7–88.6 ft)
18.0–26.0 metric tons (39,683–57,320 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Borealopelta (Borealopelta markmitchelli Brown et al., 2017) in lateral profileAnkylosauria
Cretaceous PeriodHerbivore

Borealopelta

Borealopelta markmitchelli Brown et al., 2017

The world's best-preserved dinosaur fossil, a 110-million-year-old nodosaur with intact skin, armor, and stomach contents.

5–5.5 m (16.4–18.0 ft)
1.2–1.5 metric tons (2,646–3,307 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Brachiosaurus (Brachiosaurus altithorax Riggs, 1903) in lateral profileFeatured SpecimenSauropodomorpha
Jurassic PeriodHerbivore

Brachiosaurus

Brachiosaurus altithorax Riggs, 1903

A monumental sauropod with forelimbs longer than hindlimbs, adapted for high-canopy browsing in Late Jurassic North America.

22–26 m (72.2–85.3 ft)
28.0–40.0 metric tons (61,729–88,185 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Brontosaurus (Brontosaurus excelsus Marsh, 1879) in lateral profileSauropodomorpha
Jurassic PeriodHerbivore

Brontosaurus

Brontosaurus excelsus Marsh, 1879

The iconic 'thunder lizard', resurrected as a valid and distinct genus of diplodocid sauropod in 2015.

20–22 m (65.6–72.2 ft)
15.0–23.0 metric tons (33,069–50,706 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Camarasaurus (Camarasaurus supremus Cope, 1877) in lateral profileSauropodomorpha
Jurassic PeriodHerbivore

Camarasaurus

Camarasaurus supremus Cope, 1877

The most abundant sauropod of Late Jurassic North America, noted for its boxy skull and chisel-like teeth.

15–18 m (49.2–59.1 ft)
12.0–20.0 metric tons (26,455–44,092 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Centrosaurus (Centrosaurus apertus Lambe, 1904) in lateral profileCeratopsia
Cretaceous PeriodHerbivore

Centrosaurus

Centrosaurus apertus Lambe, 1904

A prominent centrosaurine ceratopsid from Alberta featuring a forward-curved nasal horn and hooked frill spikes.

5.5–6 m (18.0–19.7 ft)
2.0–3.0 metric tons (4,409–6,614 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Ceratosaurus (Ceratosaurus nasicornis Marsh, 1884) in lateral profileTheropoda
Jurassic PeriodCarnivore

Ceratosaurus

Ceratosaurus nasicornis Marsh, 1884

A distinctive Late Jurassic theropod sporting a prominent nasal horn core and a line of small osteoderms along its back.

5.5–7 m (18.0–23.0 ft)
0.5–1.0 metric tons (1,102–2,205 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Chindesaurus (Chindesaurus bryansmalli Long & Murry, 1995) in lateral profileTheropoda
Triassic PeriodCarnivore

Chindesaurus

Chindesaurus bryansmalli Long & Murry, 1995

A basal carnivorous dinosaur from the Chinle Formation of the Petrified Forest National Park.

2–2.4 m (6.6–7.9 ft)
20–35 kg (44–77 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Coelophysis (Coelophysis bauri Cope, 1887) in lateral profileTheropoda
Triassic PeriodCarnivore

Coelophysis

Coelophysis bauri Cope, 1887

A slender, agile early theropod from the Late Triassic, known from hundreds of well-preserved skeletons at Ghost Ranch, New Mexico.

2.5–3 m (8.2–9.8 ft)
15–25 kg (33–55 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Corythosaurus (Corythosaurus casuarius Brown, 1914) in lateral profileOrnithopoda
Cretaceous PeriodHerbivore

Corythosaurus

Corythosaurus casuarius Brown, 1914

A hollow-crested hadrosaurid from Alberta possessing a tall, semicircular helmet crest for sound resonance.

8.5–10 m (27.9–32.8 ft)
3.0–4.5 metric tons (6,614–9,921 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Deinonychus (Deinonychus antirrhopus Ostrom, 1969) in lateral profileTheropoda
Cretaceous PeriodCarnivore

Deinonychus

Deinonychus antirrhopus Ostrom, 1969

The agile dromaeosaurid whose discovery catalyzed the modern Dinosaur Renaissance and established the dinosaur-bird evolutionary link.

3–3.4 m (9.8–11.2 ft)
70–100 kg (154–220 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Diabloceratops (Diabloceratops eatoni Kirkland & DeBlieux, 2010) in lateral profileCeratopsia
Cretaceous PeriodHerbivore

Diabloceratops

Diabloceratops eatoni Kirkland & DeBlieux, 2010

The 'devil-horned face', a basal centrosaurine featuring long curved brow horns and majestic frill spikes.

4.5–5.5 m (14.8–18.0 ft)
1.5–2.0 metric tons (3,307–4,409 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Dilophosaurus (Dilophosaurus wetherilli Welles, 1954) in lateral profileTheropoda
Jurassic PeriodCarnivore

Dilophosaurus

Dilophosaurus wetherilli Welles, 1954

An apex predator of the Early Jurassic possessing a pair of delicate, semicircular cranial crests along its skull.

6.5–7.2 m (21.3–23.6 ft)
350–500 kg (772–1,102 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Diplodocus (Diplodocus carnegii Hatcher, 1901) in lateral profileSauropodomorpha
Jurassic PeriodHerbivore

Diplodocus

Diplodocus carnegii Hatcher, 1901

A slender, extremely elongated sauropod of Late Jurassic North America equipped with an 80-vertebra whip-like tail.

24–27 m (78.7–88.6 ft)
12.0–16.0 metric tons (26,455–35,274 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Dromaeosaurus (Dromaeosaurus albertensis Matthew & Brown, 1922) in lateral profileTheropoda
Cretaceous PeriodCarnivore

Dromaeosaurus

Dromaeosaurus albertensis Matthew & Brown, 1922

The namesake of the dromaeosaurid family, possessing a robust skull and crushing bite force for its size.

1.8–2 m (5.9–6.6 ft)
15–20 kg (33–44 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Dryosaurus (Dryosaurus altus Marsh, 1878) in lateral profileOrnithopoda
Jurassic PeriodHerbivore

Dryosaurus

Dryosaurus altus Marsh, 1878

A swift, bipedal ornithopod with large eyes and stiffened tail that dashed across Late Jurassic North America.

3–4.2 m (9.8–13.8 ft)
70–120 kg (154–265 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Edmontosaurus (Edmontosaurus regalis Lambe, 1917) in lateral profileOrnithopoda
Cretaceous PeriodHerbivore

Edmontosaurus

Edmontosaurus regalis Lambe, 1917

A colossal duck-billed hadrosaurid that was the primary herbivore of Late Cretaceous North America.

11–13.5 m (36.1–44.3 ft)
4.0–8.5 metric tons (8,818–18,739 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Euoplocephalus (Euoplocephalus tutus Lambe, 1910) in lateral profileAnkylosauria
Cretaceous PeriodHerbivore

Euoplocephalus

Euoplocephalus tutus Lambe, 1910

A heavily armored, tank-like ankylosaurid with armored eyelids and a massive bone-crushing tail club.

5.5–6 m (18.0–19.7 ft)
2.0–2.7 metric tons (4,409–5,952 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Gargoyleosaurus (Gargoyleosaurus parkpinorum Carpenter et al., 1998) in lateral profileAnkylosauria
Jurassic PeriodHerbivore

Gargoyleosaurus

Gargoyleosaurus parkpinorum Carpenter et al., 1998

One of the earliest and most complete ankylosaurs known, discovered in the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation.

3–3.8 m (9.8–12.5 ft)
500–800 kg (1,102–1,764 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Hesperosaurus (Hesperosaurus mjosi Carpenter et al., 2001) in lateral profileStegosauria
Jurassic PeriodHerbivore

Hesperosaurus

Hesperosaurus mjosi Carpenter et al., 2001

A Late Jurassic stegosaurid from Wyoming featuring wide, oval dorsal plates and a short, deep skull.

6–7 m (19.7–23.0 ft)
1.8–2.8 metric tons (3,968–6,173 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Maiasaura (Maiasaura peeblesorum Horner & Makela, 1979) in lateral profileOrnithopoda
Cretaceous PeriodHerbivore

Maiasaura

Maiasaura peeblesorum Horner & Makela, 1979

The 'good mother lizard', the first dinosaur proven to provide intensive parental care to its hatched young.

8–9 m (26.2–29.5 ft)
2.5–4.0 metric tons (5,512–8,818 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Pachycephalosaurus (Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis Gilmore, 1931) in lateral profilePachycephalosauria
Cretaceous PeriodHerbivore

Pachycephalosaurus

Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis Gilmore, 1931

A bipedal ornithischian known for its 25-centimeter thick solid bone skull dome surrounded by bony knobs and spikes.

4.2–4.8 m (13.8–15.7 ft)
400–600 kg (882–1,323 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Pachyrhinosaurus (Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis Sternberg, 1950) in lateral profileCeratopsia
Cretaceous PeriodHerbivore

Pachyrhinosaurus

Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis Sternberg, 1950

The 'thick-nosed lizard', an Arctic-adapted ceratopsid that replaced horns with massive bony bosses.

6–8 m (19.7–26.2 ft)
3.0–4.5 metric tons (6,614–9,921 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Parasaurolophus (Parasaurolophus walkeri Parks, 1922) in lateral profileOrnithopoda
Cretaceous PeriodHerbivore

Parasaurolophus

Parasaurolophus walkeri Parks, 1922

A crested hadrosaurid dinosaur renowned for its elongated, hollow cranial crest used for acoustic resonance and visual signaling.

9–10 m (29.5–32.8 ft)
2.5–3.5 metric tons (5,512–7,716 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Stegoceras (Stegoceras validum Lambe, 1902) in lateral profilePachycephalosauria
Cretaceous PeriodHerbivore

Stegoceras

Stegoceras validum Lambe, 1902

A small, bipedal pachycephalosaur from Alberta featuring an extremely thick, solid skull dome.

1.8–2.2 m (5.9–7.2 ft)
25–40 kg (55–88 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Stegosaurus (Stegosaurus stenops Marsh, 1887) in lateral profileFeatured SpecimenStegosauria
Jurassic PeriodHerbivore

Stegosaurus

Stegosaurus stenops Marsh, 1887

An iconic armored herbivore of the Late Jurassic with two alternating rows of vertical dorsal plates and a four-spiked tail thagomizer.

7–9 m (23.0–29.5 ft)
3.8–5.5 metric tons (8,378–12,125 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Struthiomimus (Struthiomimus altus Lambe, 1902) in lateral profileTheropoda
Cretaceous PeriodOmnivore

Struthiomimus

Struthiomimus altus Lambe, 1902

An agile, ostrich-mimic theropod that sprinted across Late Cretaceous western North America.

3.5–4.3 m (11.5–14.1 ft)
150–200 kg (331–441 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Styracosaurus (Styracosaurus albertensis Lambe, 1913) in lateral profileCeratopsia
Cretaceous PeriodHerbivore

Styracosaurus

Styracosaurus albertensis Lambe, 1913

A dramatic centrosaurine ceratopsian of Late Cretaceous Canada bearing a single long nasal horn and six long frill spikes.

5–5.8 m (16.4–19.0 ft)
2.5–3.2 metric tons (5,512–7,055 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Tenontosaurus (Tenontosaurus tilletti Ostrom, 1970) in lateral profileOrnithopoda
Cretaceous PeriodHerbivore

Tenontosaurus

Tenontosaurus tilletti Ostrom, 1970

A muscular Early Cretaceous ornithopod with an exceptionally long, deep tail, famous as the prey of Deinonychus.

6–7 m (19.7–23.0 ft)
1.0–2.0 metric tons (2,205–4,409 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Torosaurus (Torosaurus latus Marsh, 1891) in lateral profileCeratopsia
Cretaceous PeriodHerbivore

Torosaurus

Torosaurus latus Marsh, 1891

A Late Cretaceous ceratopsid that possessed one of the largest and longest skulls of any land animal in history.

7.5–9 m (24.6–29.5 ft)
4.5–6.5 metric tons (9,921–14,330 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Torvosaurus (Torvosaurus tanneri Galton & Jensen, 1979) in lateral profileTheropoda
Jurassic PeriodCarnivore

Torvosaurus

Torvosaurus tanneri Galton & Jensen, 1979

A gigantic, heavily built megalosaurid macropredator, among the largest terrestrial carnivores of the Jurassic Period.

9–10.5 m (29.5–34.4 ft)
2.0–3.5 metric tons (4,409–7,716 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Triceratops (Triceratops horridus Marsh, 1889) in lateral profileFeatured SpecimenCeratopsia
Cretaceous PeriodHerbivore

Triceratops

Triceratops horridus Marsh, 1889

A colossal three-horned ceratopsian dinosaur of the Late Cretaceous with a solid parietal-squamosal bone frill.

7.9–9 m (25.9–29.5 ft)
6.0–9.0 metric tons (13,228–19,842 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Troodon (Troodon formosus Leidy, 1856) in lateral profileTheropoda
Cretaceous PeriodOmnivore

Troodon

Troodon formosus Leidy, 1856

A small, large-brained Late Cretaceous theropod with acute stereoscopic vision and large eyes.

2–2.5 m (6.6–8.2 ft)
40–50 kg (88–110 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Tyrannosaurus rex (Tyrannosaurus rex Osborn, 1905) in lateral profileFeatured SpecimenTheropoda
Cretaceous PeriodCarnivore

Tyrannosaurus rex

Tyrannosaurus rex Osborn, 1905

The apex macropredator of Late Cretaceous western North America, possessing bone-crushing jaws and acute stereoscopic vision.

11.8–12.8 m (38.7–42.0 ft)
7.5–9.5 metric tons (16,535–20,944 lbs)
Authoritative scientific paleoart reconstruction of Utahraptor (Utahraptor ostrommaysi Kirkland et al., 1993) in lateral profileTheropoda
Cretaceous PeriodCarnivore

Utahraptor

Utahraptor ostrommaysi Kirkland et al., 1993

The colossal king of the dromaeosaurids, a 6-meter, half-ton apex ambush predator with 24-centimeter foot claws.

5–6 m (16.4–19.7 ft)
400–600 kg (882–1,323 lbs)